2019 La Scam: Nuit de la radio La Scam: Nuit de la radio
AN EXPERIENCE OF COLLECTIVE LISTENING
Friday, 23 at 9:00 pm in Saint-Laurent-sous-Coiron
Free shuttle bus from the Lussas Church: 19:15, 19:45, 20:00, 20:30, and car sharing strongly recommended.
Please note: accessible only upon registration at the festival welcome desk, limited availability.
La Scam, the Ina and Radio France invite you to discover the audio programme proposed by Antoine Chao.
PUTTING THE WORLD TO RIGHTS
In the middle of the night, who hasn’t dreamt, awake, inflamed, or slightly tipsy, of putting the world to rights? For the better, on the airwaves also, and we’ll be content with that. Let’s lend an ear beyond the infamy surrounding us daily to those who have envisaged other possibilities. From Pierre Schaeffer and his research studio who during the occupation imagined a radio for the following period, to all those contemporary Don Quixotes, utopians or realists, driven by the idea of making radio (re)become a tool for social transformation. From the pressure of constraints and urgency, extraordinary adventures have been born that transcend standards and habits for a radio always, I hope, on the edge of indignation. “In the end, there are a lot of people out there to put the word to rights – a lot more than we think”, said my friend Daniel Mermet. A eulogy to venting anger, to radio’s transgressions, parodies, moments of disobedience. To all those women and men who point their microphones outside the window…
Antoine Chao
Programme compiled by Antoine Chao, journalist, radio author.
With the help of Haude Vassent, Ina archivist, Frédéric Fiard, editor/mixer, Fantazio, end titles music, Julie Hamon, attentive ear, Camille Gabarra, visuals and design.
1h15 OF SOUND EXCERPTS TO BE LISTENED TO WITH HEADPHONES.
1 / These documents, certainly incomplete, are nonetheless genuine
From 1942, under the Occupation, the Studio d’essai run by a certain Pierre Schaeffer was actively imagining a radio for the post-war period. From its nocturnal and clandestine activity sprang the first programmes of the liberated radio, the Radio Broadcast of the French Nation (RNF).
1944, 0‘45 © Ina
Chronique sonore de Paris libéré à la RNF
Producer: Pierre Schaeffer
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2 /..._
The first four notes of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony are the musical signature of the programme Les Français parlent aux Français, broadcast following General de Gaulle’s Appeal of June 18 on the French language programmes of the BBC (Radio Londres). PomPomPomPOM for the letter V in morse code (••• —), V for victory.
1942, 0’10 © Ina
Éléments divers relatifs à la guerre 1939-1945 : messages et indicatifs
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3 / The little red lamp lights up
August 20, 1944, 10:31 pm. Jean Guignebert and Pierre Crénesse, journalists and resistance fighters, members of the “Duvernois” network for the liberation of radio, are at the Studio d’essai at 37 Rue de l’Université in Paris. Radio has been freed…
1964, France Inter, 1’05 © Ina
Vingtième anniversaire de la Libération de Paris
Participant: Pierre Crénesse
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4 / Gadget in C
Pierre Schaeffer, a pioneer of free radio, was also a revolutionary in music. The founder of concrete music made objects sing. “Things start speaking for themselves, as if they were bringing a message from a world unknown to us.”
1981, France Inter, 2’42 © Ina
Il était une fois la radio – Pierre Schaeffer
Producers: Roland Dhordain, Claude Villers
Director: Monique Desbarbat
Participant: Pierre Schaeffer
Excerpt from Bidule en Ut by Pierre Henry and Pierre Schaeffer, 1950
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5 / Annihalate the rotten old world
“Moved by the size of the movement which was running through the entire country, the government decided to give us half an hour of air time to express ourselves...”
1949, La Chaîne Parisienne, 3’24 © Ina
Faites chauffer la colle, first show
Producers: Francis Blanche, Pierre Dac
Director: Pierre Arnaud de Chassy Poulay
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6 / There is unrest in the crowd
Inspired by Orson Welles’ War of the Worlds and shocked by the bombing of Hiroshima, Jean Nocher (who did not always, alas, demonstrate much open-mindedness) produced in 1946 a science-fiction programme which projected the audience into the seventies and the nuclear era just starting. This audacious piece of radio provoked censorship and several months of suspension.
1946, La Chaîne Parisienne, 3’07 © Ina
Plate-forme 70 ou l’âge atomique, first show: La grande peur
Author, producer, performer (Professeur Hélium): Jean Nocher
Director: Bernard Gandrey-Réty
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7 / On shit (the world is not yet constituted)
This creation commissioned to Antonin Artaud by the French Broadcasting Company (RDF) was to air on February 2, 1948. It was deemed too subversive. Twenty-five years went by before it was broadcast…
1947, La Chaîne Parisienne (RDF), 3’30 © Ina
Pour en finir avec le jugement de Dieu
Author, performer: Antonin Artaud
Performer: Roger Blin
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8 / Such should be the inspiration of our radio
“French radio must, while recording without bias and broadcasting without exclusion the currents of actuality, art, science and politics, contribute to the liberty, dignity and solidarity of human beings.”
1963, France Inter, 0’48 © Ina
Inter actualités de 20h – Inauguration de la Maison de la RTF par le général de Gaulle, président de la République
Presenter: Claude Mazaud
Participant: Charles de Gaulle
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9 / …but not disorder and chaos
May 68. In spite of the Interministerial Liaison Service for Information (SLII) set up by de Gaulle’s government to muzzle the newsrooms of the ORTF, intrepid reporters were out in the streets.
1968, France Inter, 1’36 © Ina
Inter actualités de 20h – Charge de CRS au Quartier Latin
Presenter: Jean-Pierre Elkabbach
Journaliste : Jean-Claude Bourret
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10 / Silent radio
Jean-Pierre Elkabbach and Michel-Pierre Texier read a press release contesting state censorship: “It constitutes a hypocritical censorship of information at the moment when the country is passing through a grave crisis...”
1968, France Inter, 1’04 © Ina
Inter actualités de 20h – L’État prive la radio de ses moyens techniques de diffusion en extérieur
Presenter: Jean-Pierre Elkabbach
Journaliste : Michel-Pierre Texier
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11 / You have to get the microphone nearer the street
“You hear perhaps the sound of the tear gas grenades?”
Yes, Bernard, we hear them better when there is a microphone…
1968, France Inter, 0’59 © Ina
Inter actualités de 20h – Charge de CRS au Quartier Latin
Presenter: Jean-Pierre Elkabbach
Journalist: Bernard Vallette
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12 / Toxic radio?
“Between the concern to record demonstrators’ explanations and the calling to a demonstration, there is only a step...” (Georges Pompdiou, May 14, 1968)
Inter actualités de 19h – Georges Pompidou critique le rôle « néfaste » des radios durant les émeutes
Journalist: Jacques Garat
Participant: Georges Pompidou
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13 / Liberty has a price
Some journalists resign from France Inter and address a letter to the General Manager of the ORTF: “Sir, I note that it is decidedly impossible to carry out the profession of journalist in the radio news service...”
1968, France Inter, 1’11 © Ina
Édition spéciale – Démissions de journalistes en protestation au manque de liberté d’expression
Presenter: Jean-Claude Dassier
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14 / La Cucaracha
To the tune of the Mexican revolutionary song, Pierre Dac’s voice on Radio Londres.
1941, BBC, 0’28 © Ina
Slogans anti-allemands : « Radio-Paris ment… »
Production: French team at the BBC (BBCF)
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15 / Resistance
Inform, educate and entertain: the motto of national radio as revisited by Pierre Schaeffer.
1964, France Inter, 2’07 © Ina
Twentieth anniversary of the Liberation of Paris (including Ici la Radiodiffusion de la Nation Française. La Libération des Ondes produced by Pierre Crénesse and directed by Jean-Marie Houdoux)
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16 / The gardener’s dog is crying
Coded personal messages.
1941, BBC, 1’11 © Ina
Slogans anti-allemands : « Radio-Paris ment…»
Production: French team at the BBC (BBCF)
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17 / A technique has no soul
It had been forgotten that at the two ends of the cable, there was on one side a microphone and on the other a loudspeaker.
1981, France Inter, 1’29 © Ina
Il était une fois la radio – Pierre Schaeffer
Producers: Roland Dhordain, Claude Villers
Director: Monique Desbarbat
Participant: Pierre Schaeffer
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18 / A Peugeot 403 with licence number 812KD38
A non-coded personal message.
1964, France Inter, 0’22 © Ina
Vingtième anniversaire de la Libération de Paris
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19 / Who do you think you are?
The journalist Anne Gaillard defends consumer rights and attacks André Courrèges.
1976, France Inter, 2’02 © Ina
Inter femmes – Qui crée la mode ?
Producer: Anne Gaillard
Director: Olivier Nanteau
Participant: André Courrèges
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20 / The explosion of free radio
In Spring 1977, the Italian explosion of pirate radios spread to France. Radio Verte, supported by “Les Amis de la Terre”, broadcast for a few minutes in Paris. Others would follow.
1997, France Culture, 2’30 © Ina
L’Histoire en direct – Les radios libres : 1977-1983
Producer: Emmanuel Laurentin
Director: Christine Robert
Participant: Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
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21 / Struggle radio
A rag of red cloth waving strong and high over the steel basin of Longwy, thanks to Radio Lorraine Cœur d’Acier, a radio serving those who have no right to speak, who are excluded from all means of communication.
2012, France Inter, 2’08 © Ina
Là-bas si j’y suis – Un morceau de chiffon rouge : première partie
Producer: Daniel Mermet
Director: Bertrand Chaumeton
With an excerpt from the CD-book Un morceau de chiffon rouge by Pierre Barron,
Raphaël Mouterde and Frédéric Rouziès (La Vie ouvrière editions, 2012).
2012, France Culture, 1’34 © Ina
L’atelier du son – La dernière bande de Samuel Beckett + Un morceau de chiffon rouge/ Lorraine Cœur d’Acier
Producer: Thomas Baumgartner
Director: Véronique Lamendour
Participant: Marcel Trillat
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22 / Radio Riposte
The Socialist Party joins the battle for free radios. On June 28, 1979, François Mitterrand spoke on the pirate broadcaster to denounce President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing’s control over news networks.
1979, France Inter, 0’50 © Ina
Inter actualités de 22h – L’affaire de la radio pirate du PS
Journalist: Jacques Chabot
Participant: François Mitterrand
1979, France Inter, 1’26 © Ina
Inter actualités de 19h – Le PS et les radios pirates
Journalist: Maurice Thévenot
Participants: Claude Estier, François Mitterrand
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23 / Another world is possible
The first World Social Forum took place in Brazil in Porte Alegre in January 2001, the departure of the alter-globalization movement which was still searching for its name.
2001, RFI, 0’37 © Ina
Gros plan – Le premier Forum social mondial
Journalist: Hervé Guillemot
Director: Véronique Fournier
2001, France Inter, 0’37 © Ina
Là-bas si j’y suis – Sommet antimondialisation de Porto Alegre : troisième et dernière partie
Producer: Daniel Mermet
Director: Bruno Carpentier
2002, France Culture, 2’11 © Ina
La Rumeur du monde
Producer: Jean-Marie Colombani
Presenter: Ignacio Ramonet
Director: Brigitte Bouvier
Participant: Pierre Tartakowsky
2003, France Inter, 1’12 © Ina
En compagnie de Stéphane Paoli
Producer: Stéphane Paoli
Commentator: Alain Rey
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24 / Another way to put the world to rights…
1997, France Inter, 1’10 © Ina
Refaire le monde
Producer: Brigitte Palchine
Participant: Jean-Claude Dreyfus
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25 / The Fright
April 21, 2002. Le Pen has made it to the second round of the presidential election. Francis jubilates on the answering machine. It’s the first time, not the last.
2002, France Inter, 2’41 © Ina
Là-bas si j’y suis – Messages d’auditeurs
Producer: Daniel Mermet
Director: Antoine Chao
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26 / The diverse uses of the tape recorder
To celebrate the twentieth anniversary of Jean Thévenot’s programme Les Chasseurs de son, France Inter organises a day for “chasing sounds” of which the high point is a contest of sounds.
1968, France Inter, 0’47 © Ina
Vingtième anniversaire « Les Chasseurs de son à l’ORTF »
Producer: Jean Thévenot
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27 / Radio Panic
A newsflash announces the bankruptcy of France after a failed refinancing operation, another hommage to Orson Welles. But two years after the financial crisis, you don’t joke about the stock exchange… Obligatory apologies the following week.
2010, France Culture, 2’02 © Ina
Mégahertz – Radio panique
Producer: Joseph Confavreux
Director: Laurent Paulré
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28 / Close up on the heart
Advised by theatrical artist Jacques Copeau, Pierre Schaeffer together with an adventurous team of technicians and actors, tries to multiply the potential uses of the microphone.
1981, France Inter, 1’04 © Ina
Il était une fois la radio – Pierre Schaeffer
Producers: Roland Dhordain, Claude Villers
Director: Monique Desbarbat
Participant: Pierre Schaeffer
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29 / A foggy marsh, without limits
Words by Jean-Marc Rouillan, imprisoned at the Arles penitentiary, which provoked much agitation within Radio France.
2001, France Culture, 3’34 © Ina
Dispute
Journalist: Antoine Mercier
Participant: Jean-Marc Rouillan
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30 / Long live radio
Radio continues to play its primary role, by Caroline Cartier.
2012, France Inter, 1’54 © Ina
Cartier libre
Producer: Caroline Cartier
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31 / One day without the next
The last programme by Alain Veinstein, censored and not broadcast but available in the Ina archives. A podcast before its time…
2014, France Culture, 2’44 © Ina
Du jour au lendemain – Pierre Lemaître
Producer: Alain Veinstein
Director: Clotilde Pivin
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32 / Hommage to “final broadcasts”
2006, France Inter, 0’41 © Ina
Cartier libre
Producer: Caroline Cartier
Journalist: Pierre Weill
2006, France Inter, 1’31 © Ina
Le mot de la fin « Salut »
Commentator: Alain Rey
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33 / Musicians’ strike
A twenty-nine-day strike shook the Maison de la Radio in 2005 to defend the house’s jobs, means of production, stations and orchestras.
2015, France Inter, 3’30 © Ina
Comme un bruit qui court – La grève à Radio France et Nostalgérie à Béziers…
Producers: Giv Anquetil, Antoine Chao, Charlotte Perry
Director: Jérôme Chelius
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34 / Rationalised fiction – Don Quixote de la Mancha
Amid the 2015 strike at Radio France where employees were worried about the budget cuts threatening public radio, La GrOnde imagined adaptations of the great works of literature in low-cost mode.
2015, clandestine recording, 2’59 © La GrOnde
A creation by the collective La GrOnde
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35 / The new Gavroches
At the beginning of the “yellow vests” movement, the Champs-Elysées area concentrated most of the protest. A good opportunity, as you were leaving work, to go and meet the “Gavroches” of the twenty-first century.
2018, France Inter, 3’30 © Radio France
Comme un bruit qui court – « Gilets jaunes » : chronique d’une semaine agitée
Producers: Giv Anquetil, Antoine Chao, Charlotte Perry
Director: Céline Illa
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36 / A shell at one’s ear
A thought on radio.
1981, France Inter, 1’05 © Ina
Il était une fois la radio – Pierre Schaeffer
Producers: Roland Dhordain, Claude Villers
Director: Monique Desbarbat
Participant: Pierre Schaeffer
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37 / And to conclude… it’s just the beginning
Macron vs Le Pen, first round, by Nicole Ferroni.
2017, France Inter, 3’41 © Ina
Le billet de Nicole Ferroni – Faire le front républicain, mais vous attendez quoi de moi
Commentator: Nicole Ferroni
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